Fiber laser machine is an advanced equipment that uses high energy density laser beam to cut and process materials. Compared with traditional mechanical cutting methods, fiber laser cutting machine has the advantages of high precision, high speed, low cost and wide application range. Therefore, it is widely used in metal processing, electronics, automobile manufacturing and aerospace. This blog will introduce the principle and components of fiber laser cutting machine in detail
Ⅰ.Working Principle
The core of fiber laser machine is fiber laser. Fiber laser is a laser that uses optical fiber doped with rare earth elements (such as ytterbium-doped fiber) as a gain medium. Its working principle includes the following steps:
1.Pumping process of fiber laser:
First, pump light is injected into the optical fiber through a diode laser. The pump light excites the electrons of the rare earth elements in the optical fiber. It causes them to transition from low energy level to high energy level.
2.Stimulated radiation:
Electrons at high energy level release photons in the process of returning to low energy level. These photons interact with other excited electrons to produce stimulated radiation, thereby forming a light amplification effect.
3.Beam transmission:
The generated laser beam is transmitted through the optical fiber. Since the inner wall of the optical fiber has the characteristic of total reflection. The energy loss of the laser beam during the transmission in the optical fiber is very small. And the energy density is maintained at a high level.
4.Laser cutting:
The high-energy-density laser beam is focused on the surface of the workpiece through a focusing lens to form a very small spot. The focused laser beam has an extremely high temperature, which causes the workpiece to partially melt or even vaporize. At the same time, by controlling the movement of the laser head, the workpiece can be cut according to the predetermined trajectory.
Ⅱ.Core Components of the Fiber Laser Cutting Machine:
1.Fiber laser:
It is the core component of the fiber laser cutting machine. And the “power source” for the fiber laser cutting machine to achieve cutting operations. Compared with other types of lasers, fiber lasers have the advantages of higher efficiency, longer service life, less maintenance, and lower cost.
2.Cutting head:
The cutting head of the laser cutting machine is a laser output device. It consists of a nozzle, a focusing lens, and a focusing tracking system. The cutting head of the laser cutting machine will move according to the set cutting trajectory. But the height of the laser cutting head needs to be adjusted and controlled for different materials, different thicknesses, and different cutting methods.
3.Servo motor:
Servo motor refers to the engine that controls the operation of mechanical components in the servo system. It is an auxiliary motor indirect speed change device. The servo motor can control the speed and position accuracy very accurately. And can convert the voltage signal into torque and speed to drive the control object. High-quality servo motors can effectively ensure the cutting accuracy, positioning speed and repeated positioning accuracy of the laser cutting machine.
4.Chiller:
The chiller is a cooling device for the laser cutting machine. It can quickly and efficiently cool the laser, spindle and other devices. The current chillers contain input and output control device switches and advanced functions such as cooling water flow and high and low temperature alarms, and the performance is more stable.
5.Gas supply system:
The gas supply system of the fiber laser cutting machine mainly includes gas source, filter device and pipeline, among which the gas source bottled gas and compressed air.
6.Host:
The bed, beam, workbench, Z-axis system of the laser cutting machine collectively referred to as the host. When the laser cutting machine is cutting, first put the workpiece on the bed, then use the servo motor to drive the beam to control the movement of the Z-axis. The user can adjust the parameters according to their own needs.
7.Control system:
Control system mainly controls the machine tool to realize the movement of X, Y, and Z axes, and also controls the output power of the laser.
8.Stabilized power supply:
Stabilized power supply connected between the laser, CNC machine tool and power supply system. It mainly prevents interference from the external power grid.
Final Thoughts
With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the performance and application scope of fiber laser cutting machines will continue to expand. In the future, fiber laser cutting machines expected to make breakthroughs in higher power, higher precision and intelligent control, further enhancing their position in industrial manufacturing. With its high efficiency, precision and flexibility, fiber laser cutting machines are gradually replacing traditional cutting processes and becoming an important tool for modern industrial processing. In the future, it will play an irreplaceable role in a wider range of fields and bring more innovation and changes to industrial production.